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Cycas pectinata
''Cycas pectinata'' (Common name: Assam ''Cycas''; ''Nagphal'' in Assamese, ''Yendang'' in Manipuri) was the fourth species of ''Cycas'' to be named; it was described in 1826 by Scottish surgeon and botanist Francis Buchanan-Hamilton from Kamrup, Assam in northeast India. The species is one of the most widespread cycads. It is found in the northeastern part of India (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Darjeeling), Nepal, Bhutan, northern Burma, southern China (Yunnan), Bangladesh, Burma, Malaysia, Cambodia, northern Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.〔Hill, K.D. 1998-2012. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/cycadpg?taxname=Cycas%20pectinata〕〔Rita Singh & Khuraijam Jibankumar Singh, 2010. http://ehsst.org/Pleione%20Contents%204.2.pdf〕〔Pant, D.D., Singh, R. & Chauhan, D.K. 1994. On Cycas pectinata Hamilton from North-East India. Encephalartos, 38: 17-30〕〔Osborne, R.; Hill, K.D.; Nguyen, H.T. & Phan Ke, L. 2007. Cycads of Vietnam. Osborne, Brisbane (Australia) and Eeden, Capre Town (South Africa)〕 ''Cycas pectinata'' usually grow at elevation 300 m to 1200 m and in difficult terrains.〔Whitelock, L.M. 2002. The Cycads. Timber Press, Portland.〕〔Jones, D. L. 2002. Cycads of the world. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC〕〔Lindstrom, A.J. & Hill, K.D. 2007. The genus Cycas (Cycadaceae) in India. Telopea 11(4):463 – 488〕 In China, it grows in dry, open thickets in limestone mountains, red soil in sparse monsoon forests.〔Fu Shu-hsia, Cheng Wan-chün, Fu Li-kuo & Chen Chia-jui. 1978. Cycadaceae. In: Cheng Wan-chün & Fu Li-kuo, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 4-17 http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=200005229〕 ''Cycas pectinata'' grows up to tall and has very large, ovoid male cones. The tallest ''Cycas pectinata'' is a female plant in North Kamrup, Assam which measures . The tree is the world's tallest ''Cycas'' plant.〔Khuraijam Jibankumar Singh & Rita Singh, 2012. http://www.indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/29048〕 In Northeast India, the species is under severe threat due to clearing of forest and over collection of male cones for preparation of traditional medicines.〔Khuraijam Jibankumar Singh & Rita Singh, 2014. Population assessment and distribution of ''Cycas pectinata'' Buchanan-Hamilton in Northeast India, Pleione 8(1): 17 - 25.〕〔Khuraijam Jibankumar Singh & Rita Singh. 2012. The ethnobotany of ''Cycas'' in the states of Assam and Meghalaya, India. Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Cycad Biology, Panama. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden. The New York Botanical Garden: New York. http://www.cycadsofindia.in/p/recent-publications.html〕 The species is listed in CITES Appendix II and IUCN Redlist.
== Historical information ==
''Cycas pectinata'' was described by Hamilton in 1826 from “''On the hills which bound Bengal to the east''” with its habitat at “''Camrupae sylvis''”.〔Hamilton. 1826. Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5(2): 322-323, figs 3, 5〕 Kamrup(''Camrupae'') is a district in Assam (Northeast India).
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